The sclera is the white tunic that covers and protects the eye. February 2017the sclera is the white part of the eye. What is present in the sclera also present in the cornea but in greater numbers. After outlining the relevant anatomy and physiology of this structure, the chapter addresses the key clinical presentations arising from scleral disease, notably episcleritis, anterior scleritis and posterior scleritis. View and download powerpoint presentations on sclera anatomy ppt. During the sixth and seventh weeks the mesenchyme that surrounds the external surface of the optic cup condenses into two layers, an inner, pigmented, vascular layer known as the choroid and an outer, fibrous layer called the sclera. The sclera and pigment epithelium were then gently dissected off of the retina. An understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the visual system provides eye care professionals and staff with a valuable tool when meeting their patients needs and expectations.
The sclera, also known as the white of the eye, is the opaque, fibrous, protective, outer layer of the human eye containing mainly collagen and some elastic fiber. The junction between the white sclera and the clear cornea is called the limbus. The sclera is the opaque white wall of the eye that encloses the posterior fourfifths of the globe. It is continuous with the stroma layer of the cornea. It connects with ciliary body in the front of the eye and attached to edges of the optic nerve at the back of the eye. Readers digest book of the cat, edited by alice philomena rutherford, readers digest association ltd. B main anatomical components of the globe with detailed emphasis on the. The sclera is the part of the eye commonly known as the white. The tendons are often thick as the sclera itself around 0. National cancer institute at the national institutes of health. The sclera is the white part of the eye that surrounds the cornea.
It lies in a bony cavity within the facial skeleton known as the bony orbit. Displaying sclera anatomy powerpoint presentations. From cambridge english corpus nitric oxide synthasecontaining cells in the retina, pigmented epithelium, choroid, and sclera of the chick eye. Dawson and others published cornea and sclera find, read and cite all the. It is thickest in the area surrounding the optic nerve. Sclera provides the reader with a practical approach to the assessment and management of scleral disease. It might look small and innocent, but the ear is in fact a rather complex part of our anatomy, full of delicate yet important structures. The sclera from the greek skleros, meaning hard, also known as the white of the eye, is the opaque, fibrous, protective, outer layer of the eye containing collagen and elastic fiber. Jan 16, 2018 this video is about the structure and anatomy of sclera. At the front of the eye it is continuous with the cornea. Cj shuster lab addenum eye anatomy 3 acui ty is the ability of the eye to focus on the image. The introduction to this article does not have enough information for people unfamiliar with the subject. Development, anatomy and physiology of the eye the word perspective comes from the latin perthrough and specere look at. The links to ak khurana textbook of ophthalmology pdf format have been provided for free download below.
On the superior surface of the eyeball is attached the superior rectus, and opposing it on the inferior surface is the inferior rectus. It lies in a bony cavity within the facial skeleton known as the bony orbit anatomically, the eyeball can be divided into three parts the fibrous, vascular and inner layers. Mar 26, 2020 it might look small and innocent, but the ear is in fact a rather complex part of our anatomy, full of delicate yet important structures. Or maybe youre interessted in another set of symbols. Describe the anatomy of the cornea and surrounding tissues 2. Vision is the special sense of sight that is based on the transduction of light stimuli received through the eyes. The anatomy of domestic animals, 5th edition, sisson and grossman, wb saunders co. This is the fourth edition of book, you can find 6th or 7th here also. T he ak khurana textbook of ophthalmology is a book used by medical students during their third year of mbbs. Cornea anatomy, physiology and pathology describe the. This education module, ocular anatomy was originally prepared by.
The sclera forms the entire visible white exterior of the eye, the iris is the colored portion of the outside of the eye. The sclera transitions anteriorly to become cornea at the limbus and posteriorly into the optic nerve dural sheath figures 12 and. Sclera definition in the cambridge english dictionary. In this article, we shall consider the anatomy of the eyeball.
The sclera provides a tough housing for intraocular contents and maintains the shape of the eye. A survey of ocular anatomy and pathology of vertebrate species dick dubielzig. The middle, thickest layer is also called the stroma. The bulbar conjunctiva covers the globe itself, while the palpe. Sclera sclera anatomy, medical imaging and elearning. With our ear anatomy coloring page, improve your knowledge of everything from the facial nerve to the eustachian tube. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about sclera anatomy ppt. The sclera, also known as the white of the eye, is the opaque, fibrous, protective, outer layer of the eye containing mainly collagen and some elastic fiber. More example sentences the remaining chapters include discussions of tumors of the orbit, eyelid, conjunctiva, cornea and sclera, uvea, and optic nerve. There are a number of emissarial channels that pierce the sclera, serving as conduits for nerves and vasculature. Anatomy of the orbit new york eye and ear infirmary of mount sinai new york city nyee pdf.
This video is about the structure and anatomy of sclera. Sclera simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Ak khurana textbook of ophthalmology pdf download medicforyou. The radius of curvature abruptly changes at the junction of cornea and sclera creating a shallow furrow or sulcus externally, the exter nal scleral sulcus. A finite element model fe of the eye including cornea, sclera, crystalline lens, and ciliary body was created to analyze the influence of the silicone encircling bandwidth and the tightness degree on the myopia induced by scleral buckling sb. B main anatomical components of the globe with detailed emphasis on the corneal and scleral components. The sclera comes to an end anteriorly where it attaches to the limbus of the cornea. The outermost coat the sclera is essentially the continuation backward of the cornea, the collagen fibres of the cornea being, in effect, continuous with those of the sclera. Anatomically, the eyeball can be divided into three parts the fibrous, vascular and inner layers. Band shaped keratopathy is commonly caused by deposition of. Here you will find our symbols by category or alphabetically. After completion of this course the reader should be able to. Which layer is a blood vesselrich layer with a dark brown membrane located between the retina and the sclera.
The sclera is the dense connective tissue of the eyeball that forms the white of the eye. Introduction gross anatomy layers blood supply, drainage and nerve supply. The sclera is pierced by numerous nerves and blood vessels. Cj shuster lab addenum eye anatomy 6 opposing muscle, the medial rectus which is only part ially v isible.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. It connects with ciliary body in ppt presentation summary. The blinking action also serves to protect the cornea from drying. The sclera is tough and fibrous, protecting the interior components of the eye from injury, and makes up the exterior coating of the eye. In this article, we shall consider the anatomy of the eyeball in detail, and its clinical correlations. As the sclera has no cellular barrier layers, its perme. Only a small portion of the anterior sclera is visible. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The sclera is covered by the conjunctiva, a clear mucus membrane that helps lubricate the eye. Definition of sclera nci dictionary of cancer terms.
A survey of ocular anatomy and pathology of vertebrate. Its whole outer surface is covered by tenons capsule and also by the bulbar conjunctiva in the anterior part its inner surface lies in contact with the choroid with a potential suprachoroidal space in bertween. In fact, the sclera forms more than 80 percent of the surface area of the eyeball, extending from the cornea all the way to the optic nerve, which exits the back of the eye. The sclera, like the cornea, contains a basal endothelium, above which there is the lamina fusca, containing a high count of pigment cells. Its inner surface lies in contact with choroid with a potential suprachoroidal space in between. In the anterior part it is also covered by bulbar conjunctiva. Anatomy and physiology of the eye overview the eye is an extremely complex organ comprising myriad structures that work together to provide the sense of sight. At the insertion of the rectus muscles posteriorly it is thinnest 0. In some humans, the whole sclera is white, contrasting with the coloured iris, but in other mammals the visible part of the sclera matches the colour of the iris, so the white part does not normally show.
The eyes are located within either orbit in the skull. As nouns the difference between sclera and conjunctiva is that sclera is anatomy the white of the eye it is the tough outer coat of the eye that covers the eyeball except for the cornea while conjunctiva is anatomy a clear mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelid and the exposed surface of the eyeball or sclera. Isabella phan, in comparative anatomy and histology, 2012. Introduction the sclera forms the posterior opaque 56 part of the external fibrous tunic of the eyeball. Anatomy of the eye, showing the outside and inside of the eye including the eyelid, pupil, sclera, iris, cornea, lens, ciliary body, retina, choroid, vitreous humor, and optic nerve. There are 6 sets of muscles attached to outer surface of eye ball which helps to rotate it in different direction. Introduction gross anatomy layers blood supply, drainage and nerve supply 2. The eyeball is a bilateral and spherical organ, which houses the structures responsible for vision. Describe the functions of the corneal tissues in relation to vision and a healthy eye 4. The sclera forms the fibrous coat of the eye and has a white, opaque appearance due to the dense, irregular arrangement of collagen fibrils. These four muscles point the eyeba ll up, d own, m edia lly and late rally. Using a patientcentred approach the key clinical features. The thickness of the sclera is relevant to areas prone to rupture. Applied anatomy of sclera sclera forms the posterior fivesixth opaque part of the external fibrous tunic of the eyeball.
Please help improve the article with a good introductory style. The sclera from the greek skleros, meaning hard, also known as the white of the eye, is the opaque, fibrous, protective, outer layer of the eye containing collagen and elastic fiber the sclera has received its name from its extreme density and hardness. The sclera has received its name from its extreme density and hardness. Read an overview of general eye anatomy to learn how the parts of the eye work together. The sclera is the tough, opaque outer layer of the eye that provides it with protection and structural integrity. A survey of ocular anatomy and pathology of vertebrate species. Sclera definition, a dense, white, fibrous membrane that, with the cornea, forms the external covering of the eyeball. The eyelids, with lashes at their leading edges, help to protect. Cartilaginous sclera, but no bone no muscle in the ciliary body smooth muscle attached to the ventral lens double cornea scleral and skin no shading of outer segments by the retinal. Eye anatomy sclerasclera wikipedia, the free encyclopedia en. It is composed of two spheres with different radii, one set into the other figs 11 and 12. Last week we discussed vision from a historical perspective in order to understand how johannes kepler, rene descartes and bishop berkeley discovered the importance of the mind in effecting vision. The sclera 2nd edition pdf free download ebook description the sclera is the definitive text on the diagnosis and treatment of scleral diseases, with indepth chapters on noninfectious scleritis, infectious sclertitis, noninflammatory diseases of the sclera, and systemic implications of scleral disease.
Its whole outer surface is covered by tenons capsule. This membrane plays a role in the immunological defense system of the external eye. The cornell book of cats, 2nd edition, edited by mordecai siegal, villard, new york, revised 1997. Sometimes, very small grayblue spots can appear on the sclera, a harmless condition called scleral melanocytosis. A survey of ocular anatomy and pathology of vertebrate species author. The sclera is essentially the continuation backward of the cornea, the collagen fibres of the cornea being, in effect, continuous with those of the sclera. Anatomy and physiology of the eye eyelids are the flexible and mobile multilayer structures that cover the eye anteriorly. Introduction the mucopolysaccharidoses mps are a group of inheritable lysosomal storage disorders, characterized by the progressive accumulation of incompletely degraded glycosaminoglycans gags in. In humans, the whole sclera is white, contrasting with the coloured iris, but in other mammals the visible part of the sclera matches the colour of the iris, so the white part does not normally show. It forms the supporting wall of the eyeball, and is continuous with the clear cornea. The bony orbits surround the eyeballs, protecting them and anchoring the soft tissues of the eye figure 1.
Cornea anatomy, physiology and pathology describe the anatomy. The sclera, also known as the white of the eye or, in older literature, as the tunica albuginea. Sclera white of the eye definition and detailed illustration. What is the innermost layer and most delicate layer of the eyeball where photoreceptors are located. The primary function of the lids is to protect the eye from bright lights and foreign objects. Scleral anatomy flashcards by brian baldovino brainscape.
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